Contemporary Relevance of the Barbados Declarations: Indigenous Struggles and Academic Challenges

Abstract

This article examines the lasting repercussions of the three "Declaraciones de Barbados" issued in 1971, 1977, and 1995 regarding the situation of indigenous peoples in Latin America. Over more than 50 years, these declarations challenged not only academic conventions but also dismantled the ethnocidal discourses disseminated by the integrative indigenism of the governments in the region. George Grünberg, one of the main organizers of the symposiums, highlights that Barbados put an end to the doctrine of institutionalized indigenism by American states. Currently, although racist stances persist, Latin American political leaders avoid using integrative language that prevailed in the 20th century. The Barbados meetings provided theoretical inputs for indigenous organizations to channel their claims, especially regarding land and territory demands, self-determination, and cultural preservation. This article examines the Barbados documents, emphasizing their paradigmatic shift and impact on political forums. It reveals current tensions in the ongoing indigenous struggles for a more dignified life and points out the persistence of structural oppression and government repression in different Latin American countries. The roles and responsibilities of social scientists concerning the situation of indigenous rights remain necessary, as long as they emphasize the need for sincere dialogue with indigenous communities.